Koszta László: Querfurti Brúnó és Azo ostiai püspök : két külföldi klerikus és a püspökségi szervezet továbbépítése 1009-ben = Bruno of Querfurt and Azo, bishop of Ostia - two foreign clerics and the process of the organization of the bishopric system in 1009. In: Belvedere Meridionale, (24) 4. pp. 22-40. (2012)
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Abstract
The author gives a study about the Christianization in Hungary under duke Géza and king Stephen. King Stephen firstly tried to convert the region with peaceful measures; he took an armed action only in case the peaceful attempt failed. The author discusses the stages of the organisation of the Hungarian bishopric system, and discusses Bruno’s life and his work in the southern part of Hungary, in SouthTransdanubia, among the Black-Hungarians, and mentions Bruno’s contact to the Holy Father. King Stephen had an important relationship with the Papacy. He sent a casula to pope John XVIII . According to earlier secondary literature, Azo―cardinal bishop of Ostia, bibliothecarius and papal legate―was present in Hungary in 1009, in the year of the foundation of the bishopric in Pécs. Based on the letter of Bruno to Henry II, the author asserts that Azo had to be present in Hungary as early as 1008, since it took months, until the information about Azo’s mission to Hungary reached Bruno, who was at that time probably in Poland. In 1009, another diocese was founded beside the bishopric of Pécs: the diocese of Kalocsa on the eastern bank of the Danube, and a further diocese in Eger followed. The dioceses had different patron saints: it was St. Peter in Pécs, St. Paul in Kalocsa and St. John the Evangelist in Eger. In Rome, the five largest basilicas are the Lateran, St. Peter in Vatican, St. Paul (S. Paolo fuori le mura), S. Maria Maggiore, St. Lorenzo. Since the 5th century, the patron saints of the Lateran were St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist. As we can see, the patron saints of the first three basilicas in Rome became the patron saints of the new Hungarian dioceses. With the selection of the patron saints the Papacy was represented in Hungary; it was the idea of the ‘imitatio Romæ’, imitation of Rome. With Pécs, Kalocsa and Eger there were altogether seven dioceses in Hungary in 1009. Seven was the ‘numerus perfectus and sacratus’, as the Book of Revelation 1,11 reports about seven churches. In many countries seven dioceses were founded at the beginning of the organisation of the bishopric system (e. g. in Gallia according to Gregory of Tours; in the archbishopric of Method in the legend by Christian; according to Pilgrim, bishop of Passau there were seven dioceses in East-Pannonia and Moesia subordinated to the archbishop of Lorch at the time of Romans and Gepids; etc.) The seven bishops in Hungary followed the Roman model, because there were seven cardinal bishops in Rome– one of them was Azo. The Roman ideal is also included in the speculum regum written to the son of King Stephen, to prince Emeric. According to the Hartvik’s St. Stephen Legend, the pope sent to King Stephen not only a crown, but a cross as well, as an acknowledgement of the king’s missionary work. This relationship gave the papacy an opportunity for an attempt to subordinate the Hungarian Kingdom as a vassal. The bishopric of Pécs is the only diocese founded by St. Stephen whose Charter of Foundation survived: it was dated on the 23th August 1009. The foundation of the three new dioceses confirmed the subordination of the Hungarian Christianity to the Papacy and secured the independence of the Hungarian church-system from the Holy Roman Empire and from the Byzantine Empire, and also supported the independence of the state of St. Stephen.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Heading title: | Tanulmányok; Hittérítők és pogányok : Querfurti Brúnó - egy vértanú Szent István korában |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Belvedere Meridionale |
| Date: | 2012 |
| Volume: | 24 |
| Number: | 4 |
| Page Range: | pp. 22-40 |
| Language: | Hungarian, English |
| Publisher: | Belvedere Meridionale |
| Place of Publication: | Szeged |
| Related URLs: | http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/37369/ |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Brúnó Querfurti, Azo Ostiai, Egyháztörténet |
| Additional Information: | Bibliogr.: p. 36-39. és a lábjegyzetekben ; összefoglalás angol nyelven |
| Subjects: | 06. Humanities 06. Humanities > 06.01. History and archaeology |
| Date Deposited: | 2016. Oct. 17. 09:56 |
| Last Modified: | 2025. Jul. 14. 15:52 |
| URI: | http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/id/eprint/30539 |
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