Az akkuzatórius és inkvizitórius büntetőeljárás (tárgyalás) történeti fejlődése és alapvető jellemzői

Fantoly Zsanett: Az akkuzatórius és inkvizitórius büntetőeljárás (tárgyalás) történeti fejlődése és alapvető jellemzői. In: Acta Universitatis Szegediensis : acta juridica et politica, (72) 1-22. pp. 85-150. (2009)

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Absztrakt (kivonat)

On the one part apprehension, and anxiety induced by delinquency, and on the other the protection and insurance of human (defendant) rights have made criminal jurisdiction get into a chaotic situation all over Europe. In most parts of Europe, last years seem to be a continous process of law making reforms. The two different criminal justice systems, the accusatorial and the inquisitorial procedures, although confronting with similar problems, and choosing other ways of approach, walk the same line. Nevertheless the differentiation is alive, the interaction of the two unquestinably differing traditions to each other is so comprehensive that the West-European procedural sytems cannot be categorized as solely accusatorial or inquisitorial. The most comprehensive Reforms affecting the field of criminal jurisdiction in England and Wales were implemented in the last century. After the well-known and erroneous decisions (Guildford Four, Birmingham Six) several legislative initiations were enforced. The aim of all these reforms is to work out an effective criminal procedure and to minimize the risk in the accusatorial system. The reform endeavored to get through solutions concentrating on practical problems without thorough theoretical basis, however it was acknowledged at the same time that their proposals should rather be construed in the light of the inquisitorial system. Parallel with this phenomenon, more and more accusatorial elements are used in European criminal procedures on inquisitorial bases. In some measure, it is due to the effect of the European Court of Human Rights, namely this court involving judges representing polycromatic legal cultures, regularly enforces the accusatorial elements in the inquisitoral procedural system. The European Court of Human Rights declared in his decision Kruslin that „but it would be wrong to exaggerate the distinction between common law countries and Continental countries. f...] Statute law is, of course, also of importance in common law countries. Conversely, case law has tradiotionally played a major role in Continental countries, to such an extent that whole branches of positive law are largely the outcome of decisions by courts." [ECHR 24 Apil 1990, Series A, vol. 176-A, par. 29] In the light of the above mentioned, the question is raised rightfully, whether the overlaps mutually drawing from each other improve the quality of the trial systems. Before engrossing the answer, we have to make us aware that all inquisitorial systems are differing from each other, as there are great differences in certain countries following the accusatorial system. The criminal system of each nation is a moving target, which constantly changes both in practice and in written law. A comparative analysis cannot neglect the fact that the simple collation of rules without the cultural, legal and taxonomic coherence might be misleading. The most basic differences in substantive and procedural law of the European countries can be fairly classified as either an inquisitorial or an accusatorial system. These systems have divergent origins, however they posses common features at the same time. All systems have for example their basic form of evidence, which hardly differs among the countries; the presumption of innonce, the right to representation, and the right to confrontation are all known. The present study strives to determine the development line of criminal procedure by displaying the historical development in the systems of criminal jurisdiction and their recent peculiarities.

Mű típusa: Cikk, tanulmány, mű
Befoglaló folyóirat/kiadvány címe: Acta Universitatis Szegediensis : acta juridica et politica
Dátum: 2009
Kötet: 72
Szám: 1-22
ISSN: 0324-6523
Oldalak: pp. 85-150
Nyelv: magyar , angol
Kiadó: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Karának tudományos bizottsága
Kiadás helye: Szeged
Befoglaló mű URL: http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/37949/
Kulcsszavak: Büntetőeljárás, Büntetőjog, Jogtörténet
Megjegyzések: Bibliogr. a lábjegyzetekben ; összefoglalás angol nyelven
Szakterület: 05. Társadalomtudományok
05. Társadalomtudományok > 05.05. Jogtudomány
Feltöltés dátuma: 2016. okt. 15. 11:11
Utolsó módosítás: 2023. nov. 14. 14:50
URI: http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/id/eprint/7407
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