Baskírok és magyarok a muszlim forrásokban

Juhász Péter: Baskírok és magyarok a muszlim forrásokban. In: Belvedere Meridionale, (29) 2. pp. 133-139. (2017)

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Absztrakt (kivonat)

One of the most investigated and debated problems regarding Hungarian prehistory is the identification of the Hungarians with the Bashkirs in some 9th-13th century Muslim sources. The so called Ğayhanī-tradition named the Hungarians as “Mağġar” and „mahfarīya/mağġarīya” which is a derivative of the name Magyar. The other group of Muslim authors used the name Bashkir for the Hungarians, following the 9th century writer al-Balhī. Earlier research explained this identification with the theory that the Bashkirs originally spoke the Hungarian language. However, this possibility is absolutely unlikely, because the linguistic and geographical data about the medieval Bashkir people and their territory did not refer to a linguistic transformation of the Bashkirs. The chronological and geographical data concerning the 9-10th century Hungarians and Bashkirs refer to their contemporary appearances on the east bank of the Lower Volga. These facts, together with the well-known Turkic connections of the old Hungarians, have been linked to their coexistence in this area and period. There is a possible etymology of the name Magyar based on the name Bashkir. This explanation for the emergence of the name Magyar has a historical background, in contrast with the traditional explanations deriving it from the names “Mansi” and “Mon”. Therefore I think that the name «Magyar» became the common name of the Hungarian tribes in the time of the Bashkir and Hungarian cohabitation.

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