A területi revíziókat követő vasútfejlesztési törekvések Horthy István vezetésével = Railway development efforts following the territorial revisions, led by István Horthy

Dombovári Márton: A területi revíziókat követő vasútfejlesztési törekvések Horthy István vezetésével = Railway development efforts following the territorial revisions, led by István Horthy. In: Belvedere Meridionale, (37). pp. 74-85. (2025)

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Absztrakt (kivonat)

István Horthy of Nagybánya, the son of Regent Miklós Horthy, pursued a life path distinct from his father’s. Though he later assumed military and political roles—notably as Deputy Regent— his core identity was that of a technocrat committed to innovation. Breaking family tradition, he earned a degree in mechanical engineering and joined MÁVAG (Hungarian State Railway Machine Works) in Budapest, rising to CEO in 1937. In 1940, he was appointed head of the Hungarian Royal Railways (MÁV), a role influenced by familial connections but also marking a departure from decades of precedent. Given MÁV’s strategic importance as Hungary’s largest enterprise during wartime, this appointment demanded a leader who was both politically reliable and operationally agile. Horthy’s tenure coincided with the Second Vienna Award (1940) and Hungary’s invasion of the Southern Territories (1941), which expanded national territory. These territorial revisions assigned MÁV critical responsibilities. In Northern Transylvania, railways transferred to Hungarian control were severely neglected, requiring infrastructure rehabilitation and border-adjusted track realignments to integrate them into the national network. In the Southern Territories, retreating Yugoslav troops inflicted major damage on rail lines and bridges. Under Horthy’s leadership, MÁV addressed these challenges while implementing social measures, including the settlement of pension claims of workers dismissed from the successor states – Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania – in disciplinary proceedings.

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